architecture-patterns

Clean Architecture organizes code into four layers—Entities (business rules), Use Cases (application logic), Adapters (interfaces), and Frameworks (external tools)—with dependencies pointing inward. This keeps business logic independent of frameworks and makes testing straightforward without requiring UI or external services.

Hexagonal Architecture emphasizes Ports (interfaces) and Adapters (implementations) to isolate core domain logic from technology choices, enabling framework-agnostic systems. Clean Architecture achieves similar goals through layered separation. Both enforce inward dependencies and testability; Hexagonal is more explicit about external boundaries.

Domain-Driven Design suits complex systems where business logic must stay independent of technical implementation. Use it when building new backends, refactoring monoliths, or migrating to loosely coupled designs. DDD covers Bounded Contexts, Entities, Value Objects, and Aggregates to establish a clear domain-first structure.

Refactoring applies Clean Architecture, Hexagonal Architecture, or Domain-Driven Design principles to establish clear boundaries, enforce inward dependencies, and separate domain logic from infrastructure. This process supports migration to loosely coupled designs and prepares systems for microservices decomposition.

Yes. These patterns guide microservices decomposition by establishing architecture standards and clear domain-first structures within each service. They enforce framework independence and testability, making services resilient and independently deployable.

Yes. Clean Architecture, Hexagonal Architecture, and Domain-Driven Design are framework-agnostic by design. They isolate business logic from framework specifics, allowing you to swap technologies without rewriting core domain rules.