clarify

Explain what went wrong in plain language, suggest how to fix it, and avoid blaming the user. For example, replace "Invalid input" with "Email addresses need an @ symbol. Try: [email protected]" and link to help resources when applicable.

Describe the specific action using active voice with a verb plus noun, such as "Create account" or "Save changes" instead of generic text like "Submit" or "OK". Match the wording to the user's mental model of the task.

Use specific labels like "Date of birth" instead of abbreviations, show format expectations with placeholder examples, and place instructions before the field. Never rely on placeholders as the only label since they disappear when users type.

Reserve confirmations for risky or destructive actions only. State the specific action and its consequences, such as "Delete 'Project Alpha'? This can't be undone," and use clear button labels like "Delete project" rather than "Yes".

Passive voice like "Your file has been uploaded" hides who performed the action and feels impersonal. Active voice such as "We uploaded your file" is more direct, human, and easier for users to parse quickly.