class-design

Python class design resolves rigid inheritance issues by replacing deep inheritance hierarchies with composition and protocol-based interfaces. You define interfaces using Protocols and inject shared behaviors, limiting inheritance depth to two levels for maintainable object models.

The best way to use composition for Python interfaces is to define structural subtypes via Protocols and inject those dependencies directly into your classes. This approach replaces concrete inheritance with flexible, protocol-based contracts.

You apply dependency injection by passing shared behaviors into a class via its initializer, rather than inheriting them. Use mixins for orthogonal, reusable functionality, ensuring your class design maintains a maximum inheritance depth of two levels.

Yes, you can inherit from framework base classes in Python. Your class design should restrict inheritance to a maximum depth of two levels, safely allowing framework base classes while strictly avoiding concrete inheritance from non-framework classes.

You should avoid concrete inheritance and static methods when building maintainable object models across Python projects. Instead of relying on rigid concrete inheritance, enforce protocol-based interfaces and dependency injection to keep your classes flexible and testable.