Clean Architecture

Clean architecture decouples business rules from frameworks by organizing code into concentric layers—entities, use cases, interface adapters, and frameworks—ensuring dependencies point inward so inner layers remain stable and reusable.

The dependency rule in clean architecture mandates that dependencies must point inward toward the domain entities. This ensures outer layers like infrastructure and adapters can change without affecting the core business rules.

Structure a user management module by creating concentric folders for entities, use cases, repository interfaces, and controllers. Apply the repository pattern to define data access interfaces in the inner layer, implemented by outer persistence adapters.

Yes, clean architecture works for scalable CRUD workflows by grouping related entities and use cases together by business domain. This modular separation makes features easier to maintain, test, and evolve independently as the system scales.

You should avoid clean architecture when an application is too small to justify the overhead of separating domain logic, use cases, and adapter layers, as the strict dependency inversion and interface requirements can introduce unnecessary complexity for simple scripts.