containerization

Kubernetes manifests for Deployment, Service, Ingress, and HPA are created by defining health probes, security contexts, and CPU/memory requests and limits to ensure reliable production deployments and proper pod resource sizing.

Multi-stage Docker builds separate the build environment from the final runtime image, copying only necessary artifacts to reduce final image size and enforce secure, lean production containers.

Docker-compose works for local development by defining multi-service stacks in a single configuration file, enabling quick iteration and consistent environments across local development instances.

Helm charts are not strictly required but are recommended for Kubernetes deployments to manage manifest templates, apply security context defaults, and streamline packaging configurations.

Security contexts and dockerignore rules are configured to restrict container privileges, prevent sensitive files from entering images, and enforce reliable production deployment standards.

Horizontal Pod Autoscaling uses HPA manifests alongside defined CPU and memory requests and limits to automatically scale pod replicas based on real-time resource utilization.