cpp-testing

Create a test file including gtest/gtest.h, then use the TEST macro with EXPECT_EQ or ASSERT_TRUE assertions against your production code. Link the test executable against GTest::gtest and GTest::gtest_main in CMake, then run it via CTest.

Use FetchContent to pull a pinned googletest release, link your test target against GTest::gtest and GTest::gmock, then call enable_testing() and gtest_discover_tests(). Build with cmake and run tests using ctest --output-on-failure.

GoogleTest with GoogleMock provides mature mocking and wide CTest integration. Catch2 is header-only with expressive matchers, while doctest minimizes compile overhead. Choose based on mocking needs and build-time constraints.

Add an ENABLE_ASAN option that appends -fsanitize=address and -fno-omit-frame-pointer to compile and link options. Rebuild in a separate directory and run the test suite to detect memory errors at runtime.

Flakiness usually comes from sleep-based synchronization, shared temp paths, wall-clock time, or hidden global state. Replace sleeps with condition variables or latches, generate unique temp directories per test, inject clocks, and reset globals in fixtures.

Avoid it for implementing new product features without test changes, large refactors unrelated to coverage, performance tuning without regressions to validate, or any non-C++ project. It targets test authoring, configuration, and failure diagnosis only.