error-handling-patterns

To standardize TypeScript error handling, define a base AppError class and domain-specific errors like ValidationError and NotFoundError, then implement central middleware to translate and propagate errors consistently across API, service, and frontend boundaries.

The best way to design a TypeScript error hierarchy is creating an AppError base class extended by specialized errors such as UnauthorizedError, ConflictError, and RateLimitError, clearly modeling API failures and ensuring informative, secure error responses across service layers.

Frontend error boundaries work with API error management by catching unhandled exceptions at the UI layer, translating propagated service errors into user-friendly messages, and differentiating operational failures from programming errors to allow applications to fail gracefully.

Yes, this error handling approach applies to both service layers and frontend boundaries. It provides database, service, API, and frontend patterns to translate, propagate, and present errors consistently across all application layers.

Differentiate operational errors from programming errors during exception design when implementing structured logging and global error handlers, ensuring operational failures are managed gracefully while programming errors are caught to prevent application instability.