Frontend Accessibility

Screen reader accessibility requires semantic HTML elements, ARIA roles and labels, and proper heading hierarchy. Use native elements like `<button>` and `<form>`, add `aria-label` or `aria-labelledby` to unlabeled controls, and structure headings logically so assistive technology users navigate predictably.

WCAG-compliant interfaces require a color contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1 between text and background. This ensures readability for users with low vision or color blindness. Test contrast using automated tools or manual verification against WCAG standards.

Keyboard navigation means all interactive elements—buttons, links, form fields, modals—must be reachable and operable via Tab, Enter, Escape, and arrow keys. Manage focus programmatically, trap focus within modals, and ensure logical tab order so keyboard-only users can access every feature.

Yes, alt text is essential for image accessibility. Provide concise, meaningful descriptions that convey the image's purpose or content so screen reader users understand context. Decorative images should use empty alt attributes to avoid redundant announcements.

Semantic HTML works with Vue, React, and plain JavaScript. Focus on using proper elements and ARIA attributes in your templates; no special library is required. Vue's reactivity and component structure support accessible patterns when you apply semantic principles consistently.

Test accessibility by navigating with keyboard only, using screen readers like NVDA or JAWS, and running automated checkers for WCAG compliance. Manual testing with assistive technologies is essential—automated tools catch missing labels and contrast issues but cannot verify semantic meaning or user experience.