Question 1

How do I structure a Node.js Express backend project?

Accepted Answer

Organize the server into config, controllers, middleware, models, routes, services, and utils directories with an app.js entrypoint. This separates HTTP handling, business logic, and data access so each layer stays focused and testable.

Question 2

How to handle async errors in Express middleware?

Accepted Answer

Wrap async route handlers with express-async-handler or a custom async wrapper so rejected promises reach the global error middleware. The centralized error handler then returns a consistent JSON response with the appropriate status code.

Question 3

What state management should I use in a React app?

Accepted Answer

Use local useState for component-specific UI state, Context, Zustand, or Redux for global state like auth and theme, and React Query or SWR for server-state caching. Choose based on how widely the data is shared across components.

Question 4

How do I attach JWT tokens to React API requests automatically?

Accepted Answer

Create a configured Axios instance and add a request interceptor that reads the token from localStorage and sets the Authorization header. Group all API calls in a services layer that imports this instance.

Question 5

When should I use custom hooks in React?

Accepted Answer

Extract logic into custom hooks when data fetching, form handling, or lifecycle behavior is reused across components. This keeps components small and focused on presentation while hooks encapsulate the stateful logic.

fullstack-node-react

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