geometry-mesh-stitching-normals

To eliminate seams in chunked terrain, apply vertex welding rules for bit-identical boundary attributes and use skirt generation to hide gaps at chunk boundaries during LOD transitions.

Normal discontinuities across terrain chunk boundaries occur when chunks compute lighting independently. Fix this by performing unified-mesh normal computation with area-weighted normals before chunk splitting.

The best way to prevent popping during terrain LOD transitions is to implement geomorphing strategies that smoothly interpolate vertex positions and attributes between detail levels.

Octahedral encoding works for compact normals by projecting unit vectors onto an octahedron and folding them into a 2D plane, providing high-quality normals with a smaller memory footprint.

Cross-boundary vertex duplication is needed in chunked terrain systems to preserve topology when edges are shared between chunks, ensuring consistent rendering across coastlines and cliff edges.

Use skirts when you need to hide gaps at chunk boundaries and coastlines without modifying shared edge topology, and use vertex stitching when you require bit-identical boundary vertices for seamless LOD transitions.