golang-concurrency

To prevent goroutine leaks in Go, ensure every goroutine has a clear shutdown path using context cancellation, done signals, or wait mechanisms. This enforces structured concurrency with explicit shutdown and error propagation to safely manage goroutine lifecycles.

The best way to manage channel ownership in Go is applying the “only the sender closes” rule and using channel direction types like chan<- and <-chan. This prevents channel misuse and ensures safe channel semantics during concurrent processing.

Use errgroup for Go concurrency when you need bounded concurrency limits and error propagation across goroutines, and sync.WaitGroup when you only need to wait for goroutine completion without error handling. Choose based on your error propagation requirements.

Build a structured Go worker pipeline by using context cancellation, errgroup.SetLimit for bounded concurrency, and channel ownership rules. This approach cancels cleanly on context timeout and uses fan-out/fan-in processing for error propagation.

Go singleflight deduplicates concurrent calls to prevent duplicate work, while mutexes and atomics protect shared state from race conditions. Use singleflight for duplicate suppression, and mutexes or atomics for safe concurrent access and race avoidance.

Go concurrency code has race conditions and deadlocks when shared state is not properly synchronized and goroutines lack clear shutdown paths. Apply correct concurrency patterns, channel ownership rules, and structured shutdown mechanisms to avoid these bugs.