harden

Use text-overflow: ellipsis with overflow: hidden for single-line truncation, or -webkit-line-clamp for multi-line clamping. Set min-width: 0 on flex and grid items so they can shrink below content size, and use word-wrap: break-word for wrapping.

Use CSS logical properties such as margin-inline-start and padding-inline instead of physical left/right properties. Mirror directional icons with transform: scaleX(-1) under the dir='rtl' attribute and test layouts with Arabic or Hebrew content.

Map each status code to a specific response: 400 shows validation errors, 401 redirects to login, 403 shows a permission message, 404 shows a not-found state, 429 shows a rate limit notice, and 500 shows a generic error with a retry option.

German text is often 30% longer than English, so fixed-width containers overflow. Use flexible padding-based sizing instead of fixed widths, budget 30-40% extra space for translations, and test layouts with the longest target language.

Disable the submit button while the request is in flight and track submission state to ignore repeat clicks. For concurrent operations, use optimistic updates with rollback and handle race conditions between overlapping requests.

No, client-side validation only improves user experience and can be bypassed. Always validate and sanitize inputs on the server, enforce rate limiting, and protect against injection attacks regardless of client-side checks.