http-connection-contamination

Probe HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 connection coalescing flaws to misroute cross-subdomain requests.

11|1|Updated May 4, 2026
One-click install
npx skills add https://github.com/dreadnode/capabilities --skill http-connection-contamination
Or copy as Structured Prompt for Agent
Please help me install this Agent Skill.
Skill: http-connection-contamination
Source: https://github.com/dreadnode/capabilities/tree/main/capabilities/web-security/skills/http-connection-contamination
Command: npx skills add https://github.com/dreadnode/capabilities --skill http-connection-contamination

SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION & REQUIREMENTS

What problem does it solve?

This skill solves the problem of inaccessible sensitive cross-subdomain resources in multi-subdomain web applications that share IP addresses and wildcard TLS certificates, where reverse proxies using first-request connection routing can be exploited to misroute requests to unintended backends.

Core Features & Use Cases

  • Vulnerability Probing: Step-by-step checks to confirm if connection coalescing conditions (shared IP, wildcard certificate, first-request routing proxy) are present on the target.
  • Attack Reproduction: Clear instructions and code snippets to reproduce the connection contamination attack to misroute requests to sensitive subdomains.
  • Impact Analysis: Pre-defined impact scenarios for common infrastructure setups (WordPress + admin panels, API + frontend, multi-tenant portals, CDN + origin) to understand potential risk.
  • Detection Checklist: An actionable checklist to confirm the vulnerability is exploitable on the target.
  • Use Case: Red teamers can use this skill to quickly identify and exploit connection contamination flaws to access sensitive admin panels, API endpoints, or cross-tenant data without requiring man-in-the-middle positioning.

Quick Start

Use the http-connection-contamination skill to test a target's multi-subdomain infrastructure for HTTP/2 connection coalescing misrouting vulnerabilities and exploit them to access sensitive cross-subdomain resources.

Frequently Asked Questions about http-connection-contamination

High-intent search queries and answers about installing and using this skill.

FAQPage Schema
What is HTTP/2 connection coalescing and how does it cause request misrouting?

HTTP/2 connection coalescing merges requests to subdomains sharing an IP and wildcard TLS certificate onto a single connection, allowing reverse proxies using first-request routing to misroute subsequent requests to unintended backends.

How do I exploit HTTP/2 connection contamination to access sensitive cross-subdomain resources?

Exploit HTTP/2 connection contamination by probing for shared IPs and wildcard certificates, then reproducing the connection coalescing attack to misroute requests to sensitive admin panels or API endpoints without man-in-the-middle positioning.

When does connection coalescing vulnerability occur in multi-subdomain infrastructure?

Connection coalescing vulnerability occurs when multi-subdomain web applications share IP addresses and wildcard TLS certificates behind reverse proxies that use first-request connection routing to direct traffic to backends.

Can I test for connection contamination on targets using CDN and origin infrastructure?

Yes, you can test CDN and origin setups using provided detection checklists and impact scenarios to confirm if connection coalescing conditions exist and whether the vulnerability is exploitable on the target infrastructure.

Do I need man-in-the-middle positioning to perform HTTP/2 request misrouting attacks?

No, HTTP/2 request misrouting via connection contamination does not require man-in-the-middle positioning, as the attack exploits connection coalescing flaws directly from the client to access sensitive cross-subdomain resources.

What are the limitations of HTTP/2 connection coalescing misrouting in red team assessments?

HTTP/2 connection coalescing misrouting is limited to multi-subdomain infrastructure sharing IP addresses and wildcard TLS certificates with first-request routing proxies, and requires specific conditions to reproduce cross-subdomain request contamination successfully.