input-sanitisation

To prevent SQL injection and XSS, apply defence-in-depth patterns like parameterised queries and output encoding across your Next.js frontend and FastAPI backend. This enforces strict input validation aligned with OWASP Top 10 guidelines to neutralise malicious user content.

The best way to stop cross-site scripting attacks is enforcing safe output encoding when rendering user content. By neutralising embedded scripts during the rendering process, you ensure that untrusted user input is displayed as static text rather than executed in other users' browsers.

To secure FastAPI subprocess handling against command injection, you must implement safe subprocess patterns that isolate untrusted input. This prevents untrusted data from being interpreted as arbitrary system commands, stopping attackers from executing unauthorised operations on your server.

To prevent SSRF and validate URL redirects in a Next.js application, implement strict redirect target validation and server-side request validation. This blocks unauthorised server-side request forgery attempts and prevents attackers from abusing your application to access internal networks.

Yes, this input sanitisation approach covers major OWASP Top 10 injection vulnerabilities including XSS, SQL injection, command injection, URL redirect, and SSRF. It provides comprehensive defence-in-depth patterns for both frontend and backend environments without requiring external dependencies.