java-concurrency

Coordinate parallel tasks using ExecutorService to manage thread pools, CompletableFuture for asynchronous composition, and synchronization primitives like locks and atomic variables. This enables safe, scalable task execution across server backends, batch processing, and interactive applications.

Threads are individual execution units; thread pools (ExecutorService) manage a reusable collection of threads, reducing overhead and enabling efficient resource utilization. Pools handle task queuing and lifecycle management automatically.

CompletableFuture enables chaining asynchronous operations with continuations, allowing you to compose non-blocking tasks, handle completion callbacks, and combine multiple async results into a single workflow without blocking threads.

Virtual threads scale to millions of concurrent tasks with minimal memory overhead, ideal for high-concurrency server backends and batch processing where traditional thread pools create bottlenecks due to thread creation and context-switching costs.

Locks and atomic variables prevent race conditions by ensuring thread-safe access to shared state. Locks provide mutual exclusion; atomic variables enable lock-free updates for simple operations, both essential for correct concurrent execution.

Yes, Future objects represent the result of an asynchronous computation, allowing you to submit tasks to an executor and retrieve results later or cancel execution. CompletableFuture extends this with chainable async composition.