m13-domain-error

Structure C++ exception hierarchies by deriving custom error types from std::runtime_error to represent specific domain failures. This approach ensures predictable failure paths and provides clear, contextual information across module boundaries.

Use std::error_code to represent OS or library system failures, while using std::runtime_error derivatives for domain errors. This integration distinguishes system-level failures from application-specific domain logic errors.

Model recoverable C++ errors by adopting optional and std::expected patterns to provide explicit failure paths. These patterns return contextual information without relying on exceptions for predictable error recovery.

The best way to propagate system errors across C++ library boundaries is integrating std::error_code with structured exception hierarchies. This standardizes error categories and ensures actionable, precise failure messages.

You can use std::expected alongside std::runtime_error hierarchies by applying optional and expected patterns for recoverable errors. This combination provides explicit failure paths while maintaining standard exception integration for critical domain failures.