microservices

To handle data consistency in microservices, apply the Saga pattern and transactional outbox to manage distributed transactions and ensure reliable event publishing. This guarantees eventual consistency across independently deployed services.

Designing bounded contexts requires clear service decomposition and strict data ownership rules to decouple domains. This approach enables independent deployability and reduces cross-service coupling during platform migrations.

Use event sourcing and CQRS in distributed architecture when you need to reconstruct domain state from an event log and separate read models from write operations. This combination optimizes complex cross-service queries and fault isolation.

The Saga pattern coordinates cross-service workflows through either orchestration or choreography to manage distributed transactions. It provides concrete guidance for compensating actions and fault isolation without distributed locks.

An API gateway is essential for microservices fault isolation, routing, and observability. It centralizes cross-cutting concerns and provides a unified entry point to manage interactions between clients and independently deployed services.

Choreography limitations include complex debugging and implicit workflow tracking because no central coordinator exists. Orchestration provides explicit control over Saga workflows, making fault isolation and observability easier to govern.