microservices-patterns

Decompose monoliths by identifying business capabilities and applying domain-driven design principles. Use strangler fig patterns to incrementally extract services, define clear service boundaries, and establish contracts for inter-service communication. This approach minimizes risk during migration.

Apply circuit breakers to stop cascading failures, implement retry mechanisms with exponential backoff to handle transient errors, and use bulkheads to isolate critical resources. These patterns work together to keep services stable when dependencies fail.

Use Saga patterns to manage distributed transactions by breaking them into a sequence of local transactions coordinated through events or orchestration. This ensures data consistency across services without requiring distributed locks.

Synchronous communication like REST and gRPC works well for request-response interactions with immediate consistency needs. Asynchronous event-driven communication offers better resilience and loose coupling when services don't need immediate responses.

Assign each service its own database to maintain data ownership and independence. This prevents shared dependencies, enables independent scaling, and allows services to choose storage technologies suited to their needs.

API gateways provide a single entry point, handle cross-cutting concerns like authentication and rate limiting, and route requests to appropriate services. They simplify client integration while protecting internal service architecture.