n8n-expression-syntax

To access webhook data in n8n expressions, reference fields under the `body` object, such as `{{$json.body.email}}`. A common mistake is using `{{$json.email}}`, which fails because webhook payloads are nested under `body`.

The correct syntax for dynamic variables in n8n workflows is wrapping expressions in double curly braces `{{ }}`. This allows you to inject dynamic content and reference variables like `$json`, `$node`, and `$now` accurately within your nodes.

Your n8n expression errors when referencing previous node data due to incorrect variable usage. Use `$json` for the current node's data or `$node` to reference outputs from specific upstream nodes, ensuring your syntax is valid.

To use environment variables in n8n expressions, wrap the `$env` variable in the `{{ }}` syntax. This allows your workflow to securely access external configuration values without hardcoding them directly into the workflow logic.

You can generate dynamic timestamps in n8n expressions by using the `$now` variable inside `{{ }}` syntax. This injects the current date and time into your workflow, which is useful for logging and scheduling tasks.

Common pitfalls when writing n8n expressions include incorrect webhook data access, missing `{{ }}` wrapping, and misusing `$json` or `$node` for cross-node data referencing. Validating your syntax prevents these workflow errors.