postgres_pro

Run EXPLAIN (ANALYZE, BUFFERS) to see the real cost and I/O of the query, then check for sequential scans on large tables. Add an appropriate index (B-tree, GIN, GiST, or BRIN) and refresh statistics with ANALYZE after bulk changes.

Use a GIN index for JSONB columns, since it supports containment and key-existence operators efficiently. B-tree indexes only help for equality on the whole document, while GiST suits range or geometric data.

Streaming replication copies the entire cluster at the WAL level for high availability and read replicas. Logical replication replicates selected tables at the row level, enabling cross-version upgrades and selective data distribution.

Yes, the pgvector extension adds vector storage and similarity search to PostgreSQL. Install the extension and configure HNSW indexes for efficient approximate nearest-neighbor queries in AI and ML workloads.

Deleted rows leave dead tuples that only VACUUM reclaims, so table bloat occurs when autovacuum cannot keep up with churn. Tune autovacuum_vacuum_scale_factor per table and monitor bloat with pg_stat_user_tables.

Never disable autovacuum globally, since it prevents transaction ID wraparound and controls bloat. Instead, tune its settings per table or schedule manual VACUUM jobs for high-churn tables during off-peak hours.