postgresql-psql

Connect to PostgreSQL with psql by specifying host, user, and database: psql -h localhost -U postgres -d mydb. Use -p for custom ports, SSL modes for encryption, password files for automation, and SSH tunnels for remote access through secure channels.

psql meta-commands are backslash commands that control the client rather than the database. Over 40 are documented for listing databases (\l), tables (\dt), schemas (\dn), formatting output, managing transactions, and running scripts (\i). Prefix queries with \ to execute them.

Automate tasks by running SQL scripts with \i script.sql, using \copy for data import/export, and batch execution for routine admin work. Combine meta-commands with shell scripting and error handling to orchestrate backups, recovery workflows, and repetitive database operations.

Yes, psql supports data import and export through \copy for CSV and formatted files, SQL script execution, and batch operations. Configure variables and connection options to handle export jobs, data migration, and integration with external systems across development, testing, and production.

Debug queries by using \d+ for detailed table inspection, \timing to measure execution time, and transaction management with BEGIN/COMMIT for testing. Apply performance analysis and optimization guidance directly in the psql terminal to identify slow queries and schema issues.

Manage users and permissions through psql by creating roles, granting privileges on databases and tables, and configuring authentication methods. Use meta-commands and SQL statements to enforce access control and user management policies across development and production environments.