quality-assessment

RoB 2 is a structured tool for evaluating bias across randomized trials by examining randomization, deviations from intended interventions, missing outcome data, measurement of outcomes, and selective outcome reporting. Apply it systematically to judge each domain as low, some concerns, or high risk, then synthesize into an overall bias judgment for your review.

RoB 2 assesses bias within individual randomized trials; GRADE evaluates overall evidence quality across studies by rating certainty as high, moderate, low, or very low based on bias, consistency, directness, precision, and publication bias. Use RoB 2 first to inform GRADE judgments.

CASP provides checklists tailored to qualitative research, asking structured questions about research aims, methodology, design, recruitment, data collection, researcher bias, ethical approval, data analysis, and result clarity. Score each criterion to produce a transparent quality assessment for narrative or scoping reviews.

Yes. GRADE, RoB 2, and CASP integrate into systematic review workflows to evaluate included studies, then inform synthesis of evidence strength and recommendation confidence. These assessments generate auditable quality judgments and bias summaries for your final report.

Choose based on study design: RoB 2 for randomized trials, CASP for qualitative research, and GRADE to rate overall certainty across all included studies. Your review type—systematic, narrative, scoping, or meta-analysis—determines which tools provide the most transparent and defensible assessment.