race-condition

A TOCTOU race condition occurs when concurrent access to shared state creates a window for data manipulation between a check and its action, leading to privilege escalation, double-spend, or data corruption.

Prevent race conditions in multi-threaded code by replacing check-then-act patterns with atomic state checks, atomic updates, and proper locking strategies to close the concurrency window.

Enforce atomic updates for database interactions and file operations by applying database-level guards and atomic state updates, ensuring existence checks and modifications happen without interruption.

The best way to fix check-then-act double-spend vulnerabilities is to eliminate the gap between validation and modification using proper locking and atomic updates for shared resources.

Yes, this approach works for multi-process record creation and file renames by applying guardrails against race-induced data corruption and enforcing atomic state checks across concurrent operations.