real-options-analyst

Gates and prices genuine embedded real options using Black-Scholes and binomial models.

Updated Sep 9, 2026
One-click install
npx skills add https://github.com/lyndonkl/hermesworld --skill real-options-analyst-lyndonkl
Or copy as Structured Prompt for Agent
Please help me install this Agent Skill.
Skill: real-options-analyst
Source: https://github.com/lyndonkl/hermesworld/tree/main/packages/real-options-analyst/skills/valuation-specialists/real-options-analyst
Command: npx skills add https://github.com/lyndonkl/hermesworld --skill real-options-analyst-lyndonkl

SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION & REQUIREMENTS

What problem does it solve? Valuation teams routinely attach option premiums to opportunities that any competitor can take, overstating company value. This Skill screens claimed real options through three rigorous tests, prices only the survivors, and prevents double counting with the DCF. ## Core Features & Use Cases - Three-Test Gating: Every candidate (patents, undeveloped reserves, expansion rights, exit clauses, equity-as-call) must pass an option-existence test, an exclusivity test with a justified 0-1 factor, and a pricing-feasibility test before any premium is admissible. - Scripted Pricing Engines: All calculations run through the option-valuation-toolkit scripts (black-scholes, binomial, equity-as-option) with auditable JSON payloads, never arithmetic in prose. - Double-Count Detection: Flags growth already inside forecast.json or dcf-result.json that duplicates an option claim, routing each risk to exactly one valuation device. - Use Case: In a biotech valuation, screen four option candidates, reject three for lacking exclusivity barriers, price the surviving patent as a 17-year call scaled by a 0.85 exclusivity factor, and report a sensitivity range instead of a point estimate. ## Quick Start Ask the valuation orchestrator to run the real-options stage on the classified candidates and produce real-options.json and real-options.md with gated, exclusivity-scaled option values.

Frequently Asked Questions about real-options-analyst

High-intent search queries and answers about installing and using this skill.

FAQPage Schema
How do I value a patent as a real option?

Value a patent as a call option where spot is the present value of launch cash flows, strike is the PV of development cost, expiry is the patent life, and dividend yield is the 1/n cost of delay. Price it with the Black-Scholes or binomial engine, then scale by a justified exclusivity factor.

When should I use a decision tree instead of option pricing?

Use a decision tree when the candidate passes the option and exclusivity tests but fails the pricing test, meaning the underlying does not trade, the option does not trade, or the exercise cost is unknowable. Never combine a decision tree with an added option premium, since both describe the same optionality.

Why are most real option candidates rejected?

Most candidates fail the exclusivity test because an opportunity available to every competitor has its excess returns competed away, making the option worth nothing regardless of volatility. Rejection is the expected outcome, and any scale reading of zero means the candidate adds no value.

Can I add an equity-as-call value to a DCF equity value?

No. Equity-as-call for a deeply levered firm is an alternative estimate of the same equity, never an additive premium. Report it alongside the DCF value as a competing estimate, and never pair it with a failure probability that charges the same risk twice.

What happens if cost-of-capital.json is missing?

The run returns blocked status immediately. A riskfree rate guessed from memory is not a valid input; the rate must match the option's life and the mandate currency and come from cost-of-capital.json or be derived there.

How is double counting between options and DCF handled?

For every valued candidate, the analyst finds the matching growth driver in forecast.json or dcf-result.json and writes a finding naming the artifact, driver, and required change. The owning stage makes the edit; the real-options stage never edits another stage's artifact.