rust-project

Rust workspaces organize multi-crate projects in a single repository. Create a Cargo.toml at the root with a [workspace] section listing member crates (e.g., api, core, db), then define each crate in its own subdirectory. This enables shared dependencies, unified builds, and modular architecture for web services and libraries.

Use error-handling crates like thiserror for custom error types and anyhow for error wrapping in applications. Define custom error enums with derive macros, propagate errors with the ? operator, and leverage pattern matching for context-specific handling. This approach provides type safety and clear error chains across your codebase.

Tokio provides an async runtime for non-blocking I/O and concurrent tasks. Mark async functions with async/await syntax, spawn tasks with tokio::spawn, and use Tokio utilities like channels and timers. For web services, pair Tokio with frameworks like Axum to handle multiple requests concurrently with minimal overhead.

Ownership patterns ensure memory safety without garbage collection. Use references for borrowed data, move ownership when necessary, and leverage zero-copy patterns through borrowing. Structure your crates to minimize cloning, pass references in public APIs, and respect the borrow checker to achieve safe, efficient code.

Yes. Serde serializes and deserializes data to JSON or other formats; SQLx provides type-safe database queries. Combine them: define structs with Serde derives for API serialization and SQLx derives for database mappings. This pattern ensures end-to-end type safety from database to HTTP responses.

Use the tracing crate for structured logging and distributed tracing. Integrate with observability backends like OpenTelemetry or vendor-specific tools. Add context propagation across async tasks and HTTP requests to track request flows, latencies, and errors in production Rust services.