safety_invariants

Safety invariants are runtime assertions and memory-safety checks that guard against null references, invalid states, and undefined behavior across languages. Insert preconditions and postconditions using language-specific patterns: Objects.requireNonNull in Java, assert and bounds checks in C++, and assert! in Rust to ensure semantic equivalence.

Preconditions validate inputs before execution, postconditions verify outputs after execution, and loop invariants ensure correctness within iteration blocks. All three catch errors early, prevent invalid states, and document expected behavior across multi-language implementations for testing and verification.

Yes. Assertions enforce runtime checks that catch null references and memory violations before they cause crashes. Combined with language-specific patterns like Java's Objects.requireNonNull, C++ bounds checks, and Rust's borrow rules, assertions provide layered defense against undefined behavior in development and testing.

Cross-language equivalence requires inserting matching invariants—preconditions, postconditions, and memory-safety checks—in each language using native idioms. Debug assertions, explicit invariant documentation, and unit-test-driven verification align outputs and behavior across all three implementations.

Debug assertions, unit tests, and verification tasks work together with invariants to catch errors early. These tools validate preconditions and postconditions during development, then assertions remain in production code as runtime guards against edge cases and unexpected states.