shopify

Shopify CLI automates app scaffolding and deployment workflows. Initialize a new app with `shopify app create`, connect to a development store, then use `shopify app dev` to run locally with hot-reload and test webhooks, extensions, and API calls in real time before pushing to production.

The GraphQL Admin API provides efficient, schema-based queries for store data. It reduces over-fetching compared to REST, supports mutations for updates, and integrates with rate-limiting headers. Use it for product catalogs, orders, customers, and custom app data modeling.

Yes. Checkout UI extensions customize payment and post-purchase flows; admin extensions add custom pages and app blocks. Build them with React or Vanilla JS, deploy via CLI, and style with Shopify's Polaris design system for consistency across merchant interfaces.

Shopify enforces OAuth 2.0 for app authorization and returns rate-limit headers on API responses. Implement token refresh logic, respect `X-Shop-Api-Call-Limit` headers, and use exponential backoff for retries to avoid throttling when making bulk queries or webhook processing.

Yes. Write themes in Liquid templating language and deploy with Shopify CLI. Develop locally with hot-reload, test on development stores, and use theme extensions to inject UI blocks. Hydrogen enables headless storefronts with React and GraphQL for faster, custom buyer experiences.

Shopify Functions run server-side logic for discounts, payment methods, and delivery customization. Write them in Rust or JavaScript, deploy via CLI, and they execute at checkout without client-side calls. Use them for conditional pricing, carrier filtering, or custom payment gating.