ssrf-server-side-request-forgery

To test for SSRF, supply a parameter that fetches a URL and check if the server initiates an outbound connection. This confirms the server processes external URLs, allowing further exploitation of internal services.

SSRF bypass techniques include manipulating URL syntax, exploiting alternative protocols like Gopher, and targeting cloud metadata endpoints. These methods evade basic input filters to reach restricted internal network resources.

SSRF interacts with cloud metadata endpoints by forcing the server to fetch internal IP addresses. This exposes sensitive cloud instance credentials and configuration data without direct network access.

Yes, the Gopher protocol enables deep exploitation of internal services via SSRF. It allows crafting arbitrary TCP packets to interact with internal ports like Redis or MySQL for remote code execution.

Real-world CVE examples include WebLogic SSRF (CVE-2014-4210) and Kubernetes SSRF (CVE-2020-8555/CVE-2020-8562). These demonstrate complex attack chains leveraging server-side request forgery to compromise cloud infrastructure.

The best way to confirm an SSRF vulnerability is injecting an outbound URL parameter into the target server. Monitoring for that server initiating the connection validates the vulnerability before attempting deeper exploitation.