swift-expert

Async/await in Swift 5.9+ enables safe concurrent code by structuring asynchronous tasks with clear suspension points. Use async functions for non-blocking operations and actors to protect shared mutable state, preventing data races and race conditions in iOS and macOS apps.

SwiftUI state management uses @State for local view state, @ObservedObject for external view model updates, and @EnvironmentObject to pass data down view hierarchies. Combine these with view models that fetch data asynchronously to create responsive, maintainable UIs.

Yes, Swift 5.9+ supports server-side development with type-safe APIs, async/await concurrency, and Sendable constraints. You can build back-end services using the same language and patterns as iOS/macOS apps, enabling full-stack Swift development.

Protocol-oriented design uses protocols as abstractions to define capabilities and contracts, enabling flexible, testable APIs. Combined with Swift's type system and generics, this approach creates reusable components across iOS, macOS, watchOS, and tvOS platforms.

Use Sendable types to mark thread-safe data, actors to isolate mutable state, and proper capture lists in closures. These patterns eliminate unintended shared mutable state, preventing memory leaks and crashes in async/await code running on multiple threads.