typescript

Enable strict mode in tsconfig.json to enforce type safety across your codebase. Strict mode activates strict null checks, no implicit any, and other constraints that catch type errors at compile time rather than runtime, making your code more reliable and maintainable.

Generics with constraints let you create reusable functions and types that work with specific data shapes. Use the extends keyword to limit what types a generic can accept, ensuring type safety while maintaining flexibility for common patterns like working with objects that have specific properties.

TypeScript's strict null checking and optional chaining (?.) operator let you handle null and undefined explicitly. Use type guards, nullish coalescing (??), and optional properties to prevent null reference errors and make your intent clear throughout your code.

Interfaces are better for defining object shapes and support declaration merging and inheritance patterns. Type aliases offer more flexibility for unions and primitives. Choose interfaces for public APIs and type aliases when you need union types or complex type operations.

Yes, TypeScript integrates seamlessly with frameworks like Next.js. Apply strict typing to components, API routes, and server functions to catch errors early. Use utility types and type guards to enforce type safety across your framework-specific code and integrations.

Common pitfalls include overly broad any types, not leveraging utility types, and mixing type and interface syntax inconsistently. Avoid type assertions unless necessary, use discriminated unions for complex data flows, and rely on inference where it keeps code readable to prevent subtle runtime bugs.