maker

Open a Maker vault by calling openLockETHAndDraw on DssProxyActions through your DSProxy's execute function, passing the CdpManager, Jug, ETH join adapter, DaiJoin, ilk bytes32, and DAI amount. Never call Vat.frob directly, as internal rad-denominated accounting causes precision errors.

Convert DAI to USDS by approving the DaiUsds converter contract (0x3225737a9Bbb6473CB4a45b7244ACa2BeFdB276A) and calling daiToUsds. The conversion is always 1:1 with no fees, and both token systems coexist on mainnet.

The original DAI Savings Rate uses the DsrManager and Pot contracts, while sUSDS is an ERC-4626 vault for USDS savings introduced in the Sky rebrand. They are separate yield sources with potentially different rates, and sUSDS shares appreciate in value over time.

Vat/not-safe means the vault would be undercollateralized after the operation, failing the ink * spot >= art * rate check. Add more collateral, draw less DAI, or call jug.drip(ilk) first to update the stale rate accumulator before calculating debt.

Keepers trigger liquidation via Dog.bark, which starts a Clipper Dutch auction where price decreases over time. Participants call Clipper.take with internal Vat DAI (not ERC-20 DAI) after granting vat.hope permission to the Clipper contract.

Wad (10^18) represents token amounts and normalized debt, ray (10^27) represents rate accumulators, and rad (10^45) represents internal DAI balances in the Vat. Confusing these units causes silent precision loss, so use DssProxyActions which handles conversions automatically.