apa-citations

APA 7th journal article format is: Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (year). Title of article. *Journal Name*, *volume*(issue), pages. https://doi.org/xxxxx. Italicize the journal name and volume number, and include the DOI as a hyperlink when available.

For three or more authors, use the first author's last name followed by "et al." from the very first citation, e.g., (Smith et al., 2022). For exactly two authors, always spell out both names: (Smith & Jones, 2022).

For no author, use a shortened title in italics or quotes: (*Title of Work*, 2022). For no date, use "n.d." in place of the year: (Smith, n.d.). Both can be combined when necessary.

No. APA 7th edition removed "Retrieved from" before URLs for stable sources. Only include a retrieval date when the content is designed to change over time, such as a Wikipedia page.

For a published dissertation: Author, A. A. (year). *Title* [Doctoral dissertation, Institution Name]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. URL. For unpublished works, use [Unpublished doctoral dissertation] followed by the institution name.

Common errors include spelling out author first names instead of initials, using et al. for two-author works, failing to italicize journal titles, adding "Retrieved from" before URLs, and including access dates for stable sources.